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A healthy balance of essential fatty acids is, well… essential if you and I are to have optimal heart health. I can say that for at least two reasons… Essential fatty acids are necessary for life. By that I mean they are essential for survival. Without them we would die. Obviously we are both getting some. But are we getting a healthy balance? Are we getting enough of one type? Perhaps we are getting too much of another. Any gross imbalance – which is common in many diets – could increase our risk for chronic heart disease. But this site is not dedicated to heart disease. It is dedicated to optimal heart health. Our goal is to go a step further than avoiding heart disease. We want to pursue every avenue toward the healthiest hearts possible. It is important to us. It is important to our families. I know it is important to mine. So let’s spend a couple of moments considering the health importance of essential fatty acids (EFA). To do that we will cover the following points:
What Are Essential Fatty Acids?
We already know they are essential for health and life. But they are called essential for another reason. Our bodies cannot manufacture them. Therefore it is necessary to consume them in our diet. If you and I don’t eat them in some way we simply do not get them.
You might have noticed that right in the middle of ‘essential fatty acids’ is the word “fat”. Perhaps you are making every effort to avoid fat. That is great if you mean saturated fats and trans-fats. But with some fats it takes a little more sophisticated approach than just avoiding them. Chemically speaking EFAs are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. To be unsaturated requires that at least one bond between two carbon atoms is a double bond. (That is all the chemistry we will talk about for now.)
From these three the omega fatty acids are built.
Parenthetically, omega-9 is necessary for proper health but is not technically "essential". The body can synthesize it if a sufficient supply of other essential fatty acids is present. For this reason we will focus on the other two. To do that we must ask…
How Is General Health Related to Proper EFA Balance?Let’s look beyond heart health for just a moment. Essential fatty acids are foundational for the building and maintenance of…
One primary function of essential fatty acids is the production of prostaglandins. These are potent mediators for a diverse group of physiological processes. These processes include, but are not limited to, the regulation of…
Omega-3 deficiencies in particular are linked to…
There have also been a number of tests linking omega-3 intakes with other health issues such as…
Our real focus is optimal heart health. So… How Is Heart Health Related to Proper EFA Balance?
There are a number of heart health conditions that are affected by EFA imbalance. We will look at the ones that affect most of us. Each of these common heart ailments have sections dedicated to them elsewhere on this website. But let’s look at each of them briefly here. We will consider four things. They are…
Sudden Cardiac Death Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is not a heart attack. It is actually a sudden, unpredictable death due to heart failure. Death usually occurs within an hour of experiencing symptoms. It is the number one natural killer among adults in the United States. SCD accounts for approximately 300,000 deaths per year. This represents an incidence of 0.1-0.2% per year in the adult population. SCD is a sudden event - as the name implies. However, it usually occurs in people with some form of heart disease whether the person is aware of it or not. The underlying causes of sudden cardiac death are varied including…
Cholesterol and Triglycerides Eating a diet with a proper balance of essential fatty acids will normally balance your cholesterol and triglycerides. Scientists first noticed this by observing the Inuit Eskimos. They had diets high in fat. Yet their population showed low incidence of heart disease. Why? Because the fat they ate was high in omega-3 fatty acids.
The Eskimos' blood platelets were less sticky reducing their likelihood of coronary heart disease. Further their cholesterol and triglycerides remained at healthy levels.
We see similar results among people who subsist on what has become known as the Mediterranean diet. It is a diet characterized by limited saturated fats. But it is high in omega-3. By contrast the average American or European diet is pathetically low in omega-3. Omega-3 has been demonstrated to raise HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol. It is very potent in its ability to lower triglycerides. Blood Pressure We have fallen for the lie that high blood pressure is a necessary part of aging. Diet has a remarkable influence on blood pressure. Diets low in omega-3 and high in omega-6 cause blood pressure to rise. The imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6 is responsible for a number of heart health issues. We simply get too much omega-6 and not enough omega-3. To help control blood pressure we should reduce salt and omega-6 intake while increasing omega-3 intake.
Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a nasty word for a nasty condition. It is most simply understood as ‘hardening’ of the arteries.
Diets including adequate or high levels of essential fatty acids like omega-3 have been shown time and time again to not only help prevent atherosclerosis but also to treat the condition once it exists.
What Steps Should We Take to Promote Our Own Optimal Heart Health?It would be preposterous to assume that increasing essential fatty acid intake would wipe out all heart disease. But the fact is EFA deficiency (especially omega-3) is common in the United States and most developed countries. Our careless diets have produced an epidemic of cardiac problems. Our diets can be a large part of the solution. Not only do we need to ingest sufficient amounts of EFAs but also in the right ratios. For example, the benefits of adequate intakes of omega-3 fatty acids can be counterbalanced by a high intake of omega-6. An ideal omega-6/omega-3 ratio is considered to be between 1:1 and 4:1. However many diets in many developed countries consist of ratios between 10:1 and 25:1. EFA deficiency and omega 6/3 imbalance is linked to serious health conditions including but not limited to…
It is a sobering list. It goes without saying that EFA imbalance is not consistent with our goal to pursue optimal heart health. Therefore it is imperative that we avoid foods high in omega-6. Omega-6 is essential but most of us get too much of it. To counteract high levels of omega-6 we should consume foods high in omega-3. Cold-water fatty fish is your best source. Most of us don’t eat enough fish. We also worry about mercury in the fish we eat. For this reason fish oil supplements have become a normal part of many people’s routine. Be sure to purchase good ones from a trusted source. You don’t want any extras like mercury.
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